1. Countries with elder childbearing problems
With the improvement of people's requirements for quality of life and economic development, more and more countries are facing the problem of elderly childbearing. Among them, Japan, China, South Korea and Germany are the most serious.
First, Japan is one of the countries with the most aging population in the world. According to statistics, the total population of Japan has begun to decline in 2018, and it is estimated that by 2060, it will be reduced from the current 120 million people to 97 million people. The reasons for aging include the declining fertility rate in Japan and the increasing longevity of the population.
Secondly, China is also facing the problem of elderly childbearing. China's aging population has become an important challenge to social and economic development. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, by 2050, China's elderly population aged 65 and above will reach 457 million, accounting for one third of the total population. The problem of elderly childbearing is mainly due to China's family planning policy and demographic changes.
Thirdly, South Korea is also facing the dilemma of elder childbearing. According to the data of the Korean Statistical Office, the population aging problem in South Korea will reach its peak around 2030. It is estimated that by 2050, the elderly population in South Korea will reach 140 million, accounting for one third of the total population. The problem of elderly childbearing is mainly due to the high social pressure, rapid economic development and the change of young people's marriage and childbearing concepts.
Finally, Germany is also facing the problem of elderly childbearing. Germany is one of the most aging countries in Europe. According to the data of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, by 2030, the elderly population aged 65 and above in Germany will reach 270 million, accounting for one third of the total population. The problem of elderly childbearing is mainly due to the declining fertility rate, population reduction and economic depression in Germany.
2. Meeting the challenge of elder childbearing
Faced with the problem of elderly childbearing, governments need to take a series of measures to meet the challenges.
First, we need to increase support for the fertility policy. The government can introduce various preferential policies to encourage young couples to have children. For example, measures such as the provision of infant care allowance, the construction of nurseries and tax reduction are taken to reduce the economic pressure on young families.
Secondly, we need to strengthen support for women's career development. Many women delay childbearing because they are worried about the impact of early childbearing on their careers. Therefore, the government should encourage enterprises to provide better career development support, such as maternity leave, childcare leave and flexible working schedule, to help women achieve a balance between career development and family life.
Thirdly, we need to strengthen fertility education and publicity. The government can improve the public's awareness of childbearing and child rearing by carrying out national fertility education and publicity activities, and make more couples realize the importance of early childbearing.
Finally, medical services and infrastructure need to be improved. With the growth of age, the risks faced by pregnant women also increase. The government should increase the investment in maternity medical services and improve the medical care level of pregnant and lying in women. In addition, it is also necessary to strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as children's education, nurseries, kindergartens and schools to meet the needs of rapid population growth.
3. Facing the challenge of elder childbearing
Although the governments of all countries have taken a series of measures to deal with the challenges of elder childbearing, they still face some problems and challenges.
First of all, the economic burden of elderly childbearing has increased. The medical care costs of the elderly pregnant women and the elderly are high, which has caused certain pressure on the national medical system and social security system.
Secondly, the elderly childbearing will also bring social problems. For example, older mothers face higher risks of pregnancy complications and birth defects, which may increase the use of medical resources and the pressure to raise disabled children.
Third, the elderly childbearing may lead to the imbalance of the population structure. If young people delay or are unwilling to have children, the population structure will become unbalanced, which will bring a series of problems to social and economic development.
4. Summary
Faced with the challenge of elder childbearing, Japan, China, South Korea, Germany and other countries have taken a series of measures to deal with it. Among them, the key measures to effectively address the challenges are to increase support for fertility policies, strengthen support for women's career development, strengthen fertility education and publicity, and improve medical services and infrastructure. However, the elderly childbearing also faces challenges such as increased economic burden, social problems and population structure imbalance. Therefore, governments of all countries need to formulate more comprehensive and systematic policies to deal with the problem of elderly childbearing.
