What are the corresponding laws and policies of test tube babies in the United States?
As an assisted reproductive technology, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has become one of the important ways for American infertile patients to achieve fertility. The United States has perfect laws and policies in the field of IVF to protect the rights and interests of pregnant women, donors, doctors and embryos. This article will elaborate on the laws and policies of IVF in the United States from four aspects: infant rights, surrogacy laws, donation and purchase of embryos, and the relationship between natural pregnancy and IVF.
Infant rights
The legal policy of test tube babies in the United States focuses first on the protection of infants' rights and interests. According to the federal law of the United States, babies born by IVF enjoy the same rights and status as naturally conceived babies in law, and parents have the same rights and responsibilities for these babies as naturally conceived babies. After IVF babies are born, they need to confirm their parents' identity through legal procedures and protect their legitimate rights and interests.
In addition, in IVF technology, artificial manipulation of embryos, embryo screening and frozen embryos are also strictly regulated by law. Relevant laws require doctors to ensure the health and safety of infants when performing IVF operations, and prohibit operations that violate human dignity and ethics.
American laws also clearly stipulate gene testing and embryo screening in IVF treatment. According to the National Baby Selection Act, the law allows genetic testing of embryos to exclude certain genetic diseases and abnormalities, but prohibits screening related to gender, skin pigment and other non-medical factors.
Surrogacy law
Surrogate refers to a woman (surrogate mother) who conceives and gives birth to another person and gives the baby to the client. The laws and regulations on surrogacy vary from state to state. Some states allow surrogacy, while others prohibit it. In states where surrogacy is allowed, relevant laws clearly stipulate the legal effect of surrogacy contracts to ensure that legitimate clients can obtain legitimate children.
In the United States, a surrogate mother is the legal mother of the child. However, she usually signs a surrogate agreement, in which she makes it clear that she is only the biological mother of the baby and hands over the legal custody and legal parental rights of the baby to the client. Such legal arrangements aim to protect the rights and interests of clients and surrogate women.
In addition, the cost of surrogacy is also subject to reasonable legal provisions. The law generally stipulates that surrogate mothers can obtain living expenses and medical expenses related to pregnancy, but it is prohibited to sell babies. This legal provision ensures the legality and obligation of surrogacy activities and protects the rights and interests of infants.
Donation and purchase of embryos
The donation and purchase of embryos are also regulated by law in the field of IVF in the United States. According to the laws of the United States, embryo donation is legal, and the person who obtained the embryo can treat it freely, including IVF treatment or scientific research. Both sides of embryo donation need to sign a donation contract to clarify the purpose of embryo use and the rights and interests of both sides.
However, the purchase of embryos is not legal in the United States. In the field of IVF, there is a situation of embryo trade, but the law clearly stipulates that embryos cannot be traded as commodities, and it is prohibited to trade embryos as commodities.
The relationship between natural pregnancy and IVF
American laws and policies also regulate the relationship between natural pregnancy and IVF. If couples turn to IVF after natural pregnancy failure, the law allows them to use their own or other donors' eggs and sperm for IVF treatment. Such laws and regulations guarantee the couple's independent choice in their reproductive rights and interests.
To sum up, the US IVF field has perfect laws and policies, which protect the rights and interests of pregnant people, donors, doctors and embryos from aspects such as infant rights, surrogacy laws, embryo donation and purchase, and the relationship between natural pregnancy and IVF. These laws and policies help maintain the legitimacy, morality and safety of IVF.
