Principles of IVF
In vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a kind of assisted reproduction technology, which aims to help couples who cannot conceive naturally realize their desire to have children. The principle of IVF includes the following aspects.
First, the process of taking eggs. During the menstrual cycle of normal women, hormone drugs are used to produce multiple follicles, with the aim of increasing the number of eggs. Then, under the guidance of ultrasound, the mature eggs in the follicle are taken out by puncturing the ovary through the vaginal ovum taking injection needle.
Secondly, sperm treatment. Select the best sperm from the fresh semen or frozen semen provided by the husband, and then use special treatment methods, such as penetrant and centrifugation, to improve the vitality and fertility of sperm.
Next, in vitro fertilization process. Put the extracted egg and the treated sperm in the culture dish to create an environment similar to the body and promote egg fertilization. Through the contact between the cultured egg and sperm, the sperm can penetrate into the outer layer of the egg to achieve the purpose of fertilization.
Finally, embryo transfer. The fertilized eggs are cultured and developed to form embryos, and embryo quality assessment is usually carried out after 3-5 days of culture. Then, select one or more high-quality embryos to transplant them into the woman's uterus, so that the embryos can further develop and implant, and finally achieve pregnancy and delivery.
Operation steps of IVF
The operation steps of IVF can be summarized as follows.
First, the preparation phase. Women need to undergo a comprehensive physical examination to determine whether IVF is appropriate and to rule out any potential problems that may interfere with a successful pregnancy. In addition, the man should also carry out relevant examinations to assess his semen quality.
Secondly, adjust the menstrual cycle. Use hormone drugs to adjust the menstrual cycle of the woman to produce multiple follicles. These hormone drugs can promote the growth and development of follicles to increase the number of eggs.
Next, the process of taking eggs and collecting semen. Within a few hours before ovulation, a slender needle is punctured into the ovary to extract eggs with the assistance of vaginal guided ultrasound. Then, the best quality sperm is separated from the fresh semen or frozen semen provided by the husband.
Finally, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The extracted egg is combined with sperm to form a fertilized egg, which forms an embryo through culture and development. The high-quality embryo will be selected, and after a certain period of culture, it will be transferred to the woman's uterus. After waiting for 2 weeks, pregnancy test was carried out to confirm whether the pregnancy was successful.
Success rate and risk of IVF
The success rate of IVF is affected by many factors, such as the woman's age, egg quality, sperm quality, embryo quality and endometrial condition. According to statistics, the success rate is usually between 30% and 50%.
However, IVF also has some risks. Excessive hormone use may lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abdominal distension, nausea and other uncomfortable symptoms. In addition, the process of egg retrieval may lead to ovarian perforation, infection or bleeding. After embryo transfer, the risk of early abortion or multiple pregnancy may also occur.
summary
IVF technology is a kind of assisted reproductive technology, which helps couples who cannot conceive naturally realize their desire to have children through in vitro fertilization embryo transfer process. Its principles include egg retrieval process, sperm treatment, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The operation steps include the preparation stage, adjusting the menstrual cycle, the process of egg retrieval and sperm collection, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Although the success rate of IVF has certain risks, it provides a chance for many infertile couples to realize their own children.
