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What are the specific steps in IVF?

What are the specific steps in IVF?



Specific steps in IVF process

IVF is a kind of assisted reproductive technology that fertilizes and cultivates embryos outside the laboratory by controlling specific reproductive procedures, and then implants the embryos into the mother's uterus. The specific steps of IVF will be introduced in detail in the following four aspects: selecting suitable patients, taking eggs and sperm, in vitro fertilization and culture, and embryo implantation into the uterus.

1. Select suitable patients

First, patients undergoing IVF need to undergo a detailed medical evaluation. The doctor will judge whether the patient is suitable for IVF through comprehensive analysis of the patient's physical condition, birth history and laboratory test results. For women, age, ovarian function, uterine health and other factors will affect the success rate; For men, sperm quality and quantity are also very important considerations. In addition, doctors will also assess patients' psychological endurance and economic status to ensure that they have sufficient preparation and support to accept IVF. Once patients are determined to be suitable for IVF, doctors will design personalized treatment plans for them, including drug treatment, egg retrieval and semen retrieval.

2. Egg and sperm retrieval

Fetching eggs is an important step in the process of IVF. After regular ultrasound examination and blood test confirm that the follicle is fully developed, the doctor injects follicle stimulating hormone to the patient to promote the rapid development of the follicle. Then, the eggs were extracted through a special needle guided by transvaginal ultrasound. This process is usually carried out in the operating room and under local anesthesia. Sperm collection refers to the sperm obtained from the testis or epididymis of male donors or patients. There are generally manual extrusion, ejaculation, testicular puncture and other methods for semen extraction, and the specific methods will be determined according to the actual situation.

3. In vitro fertilization and culture

After obtaining eggs and sperm, the next step is in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. This process is carried out in the laboratory. First, the obtained eggs and sperm are placed in the same culture dish to fertilize them naturally. If the patient's sperm quality is poor, doctors can also choose assisted fertilization techniques, such as microinjection sperm injection (ICSI). Next, the fertilized eggs will be placed in a culture dish and the embryos will be cultured under specific temperature and humidity conditions, usually for 3-5 days. Doctors will regularly check the development of the embryo, evaluate its quality and select the best time for implantation.

4. Embryo implantation into uterus

After the embryo culture is completed, the last step is to implant the embryo into the patient's uterus. This is usually done after 3-5 days of embryo culture. The implantation process is usually carried out in the doctor's office without hospitalization. Doctors use a catheter to insert the patient's uterus and transfer the embryo into the endometrium. This process usually does not require anesthesia and will only cause slight discomfort. After implantation, doctors will advise patients to continue taking progesterone and other drugs to promote implantation and embryo implantation. The specific steps of IVF include selecting suitable patients, taking eggs and sperm, in vitro fertilization and culture, and implantation of embryos into the uterus. This technology provides a viable reproductive option for couples who are unable to conceive naturally due to physical, physiological or other factors. However, each step requires precise operation of doctors and active cooperation of patients. Therefore, it is very important for couples who want to use IVF technology to understand and understand these steps.
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