IVF process
IVF is an assisted reproductive technology, also known as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. It is an option to help couples who are unable to conceive naturally realize their reproductive dreams. The IVF process involves several steps, which are described in detail below.
Step 1: ovulation induction
Women usually receive ovulation induction therapy before the IVF process begins. Ovulation induction therapy aims to promote women to release more mature eggs and increase the probability of pregnancy. Usually, women will use artificial gonadotropin (FSH) or other similar drugs to stimulate the ovary to produce more eggs.
During ovulation induction, women usually need multiple ultrasound examinations and blood tests to track the development of follicles and changes in hormone levels. Once the doctor believes that the eggs in the ovary have matured, the next step is to take the eggs.
Step 2: Take eggs
Fetching eggs is one of the key steps in IVF process. This is usually done in the operating room, using local anesthesia. The doctor will use a slender needle to penetrate the vaginal wall under the guidance of ultrasound, enter the ovary, and extract the eggs from the ovary. Generally, doctors can obtain multiple eggs.
The egg retrieval process may cause some discomfort, such as slight abdominal pain, but usually does not require hospitalization, and patients can go home to rest in a few hours.
Step 3: Sperm extraction and in vitro fertilization
After egg retrieval, men usually need to provide sperm samples. Sperm can be obtained by manual stimulation or semen extraction (TESA). The doctor will evaluate the number, vitality and morphology of sperm, and select the best sperm to combine with the egg.
In vitro fertilization refers to the combination of eggs and sperm in the laboratory, and then observe the results of fertilization. Usually, a method called anterograde fertilization is used, that is, eggs and sperm are placed in a culture dish and grow in the incubator for several days to observe the development of the embryo.
Step 4: Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer is the last step in the IVF process. Before embryo transfer, the doctor will discuss with the couple to decide how many embryos to plant. Usually, after selecting the best embryo, the doctor will place it into a woman's uterus through a slender tube. This is usually a short process without anesthesia.
After embryo transfer, patients need to follow the doctor's instructions and pay attention to rest and diet to improve the probability of embryo implantation. After about two weeks, the patient can have a blood test to determine whether the embryo was successfully inserted.
Summary
The IVF process includes ovulation induction, egg retrieval, sperm extraction, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Through these steps, couples have the opportunity to realize their reproductive dreams. However, the IVF process is not always successful, and each step may face some challenges. Therefore, before deciding to accept the IVF process, couples should fully communicate and understand with doctors and consider other options of assisted reproductive technology.
