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How does IVF technology work?

How does IVF technology work?



How to carry out IVF technology

IVF technology, also known as assisted reproductive technology, is a way to help couples who are unable to conceive naturally due to fertility disorders or infertility problems to achieve their reproductive aspirations. It promotes pregnancy by culturing the fertilized eggs in vitro for a period of time, and then transferring healthy embryos back to the mother. In some special cases, IVF technology can also realize genetic disease screening and gender selection. The IVF technology will be described in detail in the following aspects: fertilization process, embryo culture, embryo transfer and genetic screening.

Fertilization process

The first step of IVF technology is to take eggs. Women can promote ovarian development by injecting hormones, and go to the hospital at an appropriate time to take eggs. Doctors use ultrasound guided fine needles to extract mature eggs from the ovary. At the same time, men provide semen samples for sperm collection. Within 2-6 hours after taking eggs, semen samples and eggs are fertilized in vitro in culture dishes. This method is called in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the process of in vitro fertilization, sperm and egg are put into the culture dish together, and then fertilized by natural fertilization or egg injection of single sperm.

Embryo culture

Once fertilization is successful, the egg will form a fertilized egg. These fertilized eggs will be transferred to a culture dish and cultured in a special medium. Embryo culture usually takes 5-7 days, during which the doctor will regularly check the development of the embryo. In the process of culture, the embryo will go through different stages of division and develop into a blastocyst. The blastocyst is the structure visible to the naked eye when the embryo develops to a certain stage. Usually, the best developed blastocysts are selected for transplantation to improve the success rate of pregnancy.

embryo transfer

Embryo transfer is the last step of IVF technology. After the embryo culture reaches the ideal state, the doctor will transplant it into the mother's uterus. This process is usually painless and can be performed in the operating room or operating center of a doctor's clinic. By using a catheter or fine needle, the doctor transfers the blastocyst into the uterus. After implantation, the blastocyst will attach in the uterus and continue to develop. If the embryo is successfully implanted and develops normally, pregnancy will begin.

genetic screening

In addition to helping infertile couples achieve their reproductive aspirations, IVF technology can also be used for genetic screening. This screening can help find some genetic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities and avoid passing on genetic diseases to the next generation. Genetic screening usually includes gene testing and chromosome structure testing. Gene testing can identify specific genetic disease gene mutations, while chromosome structure testing can find chromosome number or structural abnormalities. Some hospitals have special genetics laboratories to carry out these screening and help couples make appropriate birth plans according to the results. To sum up, the IVF technology first forms the fertilized egg through the fertilization process, then carries out embryo culture, and selects the well developed blastocysts for transplantation. In this process, genetic screening can also be carried out to prevent the spread of genetic diseases. This technology plays an important role in modern medicine, helping couples who cannot conceive naturally realize their reproductive dreams.
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