Complications of preterm delivery in test tube infants
IVF refers to the process of transplanting the fertilized eggs into the mother's uterus after in vitro fertilization through assisted reproductive technology to cultivate a fetus. However, for various reasons, some IVF babies may be born prematurely. Preterm birth means that the fetus is born before 37 weeks. Although the preterm birth rate of IVF is relatively high, the complications of preterm birth cannot be ignored. The following will introduce the complications of IVF preterm delivery from four aspects: respiratory system, nervous system, cardiovascular system and digestive system.
Respiratory complications
Some preterm IVF babies may have respiratory complications. The lung function of premature infants is not fully developed, so they may have dyspnea, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and other problems. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common respiratory complication of premature infants, which is mainly caused by pulmonary edema and dyspnea due to insufficient pulmonary surfactant. In preterm infants, especially very low birth weight infants, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome is high.
In order to prevent and treat respiratory complications, hospitals usually provide respiratory support for premature infants, such as oxygen supply, ventilator assisted ventilation and pulmonary surfactant supplementation. In addition, some high-risk premature infants may need to receive respiratory support treatment, such as thoracic tube drainage or tracheal intubation.
Neurological complications
Preterm IVF infants have a higher risk of neurological complications. Neurological problems may include cerebral hemorrhage, brain injury and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cerebral hemorrhage is one of the most common neurological complications in premature infants, which usually occurs in the first few days after birth. Cerebral hemorrhage may lead to brain dysfunction, mental retardation and abnormal muscle tone.
For high-risk premature infants, doctors may implement preventive brain ultrasound examination, as well as early intervention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. In addition, preterm infants usually receive early neurodevelopmental assessment and early intervention and rehabilitation treatment when needed.
Cardiovascular complications
The cardiovascular system of premature infants is not fully developed, so they may be at risk of cardiovascular complications. Premature infants may have problems such as heart murmur, arrhythmia, hypotension and cardiac insufficiency. Among them, hypotension is one of the common cardiovascular complications in premature infants, which may lead to organ perfusion insufficiency.
In order to deal with cardiovascular complications, premature infants may need to receive cardiovascular monitoring and supportive treatment, such as liquid intravenous infusion and drug treatment. For serious cardiovascular problems, surgical intervention may be required.
Digestive system complications
The digestive system of premature infants is not fully developed, so they may face the risk of digestive system complications. Premature infants often have eating difficulties, swallowing problems, dyspepsia, intestinal obstruction and other conditions. Intestinal damage is one of the common digestive system complications in premature infants, which may lead to serious intestinal injury.
The doctor will closely monitor the digestive function of premature infants and decide whether to give nutritional support and intestinal adaptation training according to the situation. For serious digestive system problems, surgical intervention may be required.
Summary
The complications of IVF preterm delivery mainly involve the respiratory system, nervous system, cardiovascular system and digestive system. Respiratory complications include dyspnea and respiratory distress syndrome. Neurological complications include cerebral hemorrhage and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cardiovascular complications include hypotension and cardiac insufficiency. Digestive system complications include difficulty in eating and bowel damage. In order to prevent and treat these complications, preterm infants usually receive various supportive treatments and interventions.
However, it should be noted that the situation of premature infants varies from individual to individual, and the risk of complications and treatment methods of different children may be different. Therefore, after IVF preterm birth, parents and doctors should work together to develop appropriate treatment plans, and closely monitor the physical condition and development of the baby to minimize the risk of complications.
