List of 5 reputable hospitals in the ranking list of Hangzhou Laserjet Hospitals for armpit odor in 2023! The top 8 have been updated publicly, including Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital, Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital Stomatology Department, Hangzhou Zhenmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital, Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical and Cosmetic Clinic, Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital, Hangzhou Ruili Medical and Cosmetic Hospital, Rier Dental Hangzhou, Hangzhou Yuhang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, etc. This list is generated by the user's consumption habits, At the same time, based on the feedback results of our customers and other core data as support, we offer you a list of 5 reputable hospitals in the ranking list of Hangzhou Laser Anti axillary Odor Hospitals! The first 8 are all open lists. All the public data in the top 8 of the ranking list of Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital are only for display, and the ranking order is not in any order. If you have any questions, consult online customer service
1、 The list of 5 reputable hospitals in the ranking list of Hangzhou Laser's underarm odor hospitals!
1. Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital
2. Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital
3. Hangzhou Zhenmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital
4. Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic
5. Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital
6. Hangzhou Ruili Medical Beauty Hospital
7. Riel Dentistry Hangzhou
8. Hangzhou Yuhang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
2、 The list of 5 reputable hospitals in the ranking list of Hangzhou Laser's underarm odor hospitals! Detailed introduction
1. Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital
Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital was founded in 1985, with an existing building area of more than 8000 square meters and 136 approved beds. It integrates medical treatment, teaching and scientific research. It is a tertiary plastic surgery hospital in Zhejiang Province, a state-owned plastic surgery hospital named by the Zhejiang Provincial Government, and a plastic surgery hospital qualified to carry out craniofacial surgery in Zhejiang Province.
The hospital implemented system reform in 2005 and was wholly purchased by CITIC Trust and Investment Corporation of China. After the reform, the medical management is strictly in accordance with the relevant national regulations, and is subject to the supervision and management of the health administrative department as public hospitals. It was rated as one of the top ten specialized plastic surgery hospitals in China, a national demonstration unit of good faith, a national demonstration unit of good quality and good faith, a provincial advanced unit of the Ministry of Health in learning and practicing the Scientific Outlook on Development, a demonstration unit of consumer satisfaction in Zhejiang Province, and a municipal key foreign-related visiting unit.
2. Department of Stomatology, Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital
Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital is located by the beautiful Qiantang River. Covering an area of 76 mu, the building area is 30050 square meters, and the hospital room area is 26250 square meters. The Hangzhou Hospital of the Armed Police Force was established with the birth of the Armed Police Force. After 17 years of construction and development, from a small hospital with 27 beds and 30 medical staff, it has gradually developed into a national armed police force with excellent equipment, medical skills, functions and services. A modern general hospital with comfortable environment integrating medical treatment, teaching, scientific research, health care and rehabilitation.
Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital is under the correct leadership of the Party committee and head of the Corps. Keep in mind the purpose of the people's army to serve the people wholeheartedly. Adhere to the hospital spirit of "dedication, benevolence, dedication and refinement". Implement the policy of "prospering the institute through science and technology, building the institute through quality, building the institute with talents, strengthening the institute through management, and governing the institute with morality". Adhering to the hospital running direction of "facing the army and serving the society", it has formed a special specialty featuring brain injury rehabilitation treatment center, tumor comprehensive treatment center and trauma emergency treatment center. The hospital now has 490 beds, 20 clinical departments and 8 medical technology departments. It is equipped with hotel type central air conditioning system, military remote consultation system and microcomputer network management system. It has imported intensity modulated X-knife, linear accelerator, neutron knife, cell knife, high-speed sub second spiral CT, magnetic resonance, analog locator, full-automatic biochemical analyzer, and color hospital, which always adheres to quality as the core, patient as the center, and wholeheartedly provides services for the vast number of officers and soldiers and the people.
3. Hangzhou Zhenmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital
Hangzhou Zhenmei Medical Beauty Hospital, based in Hangzhou, a paradise on earth, is located on Wujiang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou City. With convenient transportation, luxurious internal environment and elegant style, it is an advanced medical beauty hospital truly positioned at a high international standard. The hospital integrates medical treatment, clinical treatment, scientific research and teaching, and integrates the achievements of medicine and aesthetics. Relying on the international advanced plastic surgery technology and expert team, it is an early pioneer in China's plastic surgery industry.
Hangzhou Zhenmei Cosmetic Surgery Center is characterized by non operation and refinement. It strives to be simple, aesthetical and minimally invasive. It carries out professional cosmetic surgery services such as autologous fat breast augmentation and laser private plastic surgery. Relying on the global advanced medical equipment technology and the rich clinical experience of international advanced plastic surgery experts, it skillfully uses aesthetic proportion standards with noble and elegant aesthetic standards, Integrate into the fashion trend to make its beauty more harmonious and personalized; On the premise of safety and harmony, it is vivid, natural and realistic; The perfect "Guest Privacy Security Management System" ensures the privacy and security of Qiumei.
4. Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic
Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic is a professional modern medical plastic beauty institution integrating medical beauty, scientific research and academic exchange.
Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic is located at No. 29, Wensan West Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, adjacent to Xixi Wetland, with convenient transportation and elegant environment. It has a number of high standard operating rooms, five-star VIP wards, and a number of professional departments such as medical beauty department, cosmetic surgery, cosmetic dermatology department, medical laboratory department, etc. Since its establishment, it has been highly praised by the industry with its superb doctors and high-quality services, successfully created a large number of classic cases, and created a legend of beauty shaping in the field of plastic surgery.
As a professional medical beauty agency in Hangzhou, Hangzhou Wang Medical Beauty Clinic has always taken "making every effort to provide customers with physical and mental beauty and health", "making every effort to provide customers with first-class technology and services" as the foundation of its establishment, taking providing safe and satisfactory services as the primary goal of fulfilling corporate social responsibility, and implementing the declaration of "safety and beauty", Become a "beautiful dream" in the eyes of beauty lovers
Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic is trustworthy! Since its establishment, Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic has dominated the medical beauty industry in China at an extraordinary speed of development. Relying on the strong strength and high-quality service of Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic, Hangzhou Wangshenglin Medical Beauty Clinic is taking a solid step towards high beauty and will become the backbone of China's fashion plastic surgery industry!
Hangzhou Wang Shenglin Medical Beauty Clinic has gathered a group of plastic surgeons with high reputation in plastic surgery, such as Wang Shenglin, director of plastic surgery, Feng Yingshan, director of cosmetic surgery, and Huang Weiqing, director of laser cosmetology in the field of plastic surgery in the plastic industry. With personalized design schemes, it has brought long-term aesthetic improvement to customers.
5. Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital
Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei Medical Beauty Hospital was upgraded from the original Hangzhou Huashan Medical Beauty Hospital in 1983. It is a high-end brand medical beauty hospital facing the world and rooted in China. The core business of the hospital is the investment, operation and management of medical and health institutions. At present, more than 10 chain brand institutions have been set up in Hangzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan, Suzhou and other places in China, Become a flag organization and leader in China's high-end medical beauty industry.
In 1983, Hangzhou Huashan TCM Clinic was established in Hangzhou.
In 2004, it became a specialized hospital specializing in medical beauty in Hangzhou.
In April 2005, it was a sister hospital with Kim Jong Seo Plastic Hospital in South Korea, and the first plastic summit was successfully held in Hangzhou in October.
In March 2006, the free activity of creating Hangzhou's top artificial beauty was officially launched, and in June, it became a member of the Beauty and Plastic Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and a unit committed to integrity.
In March 2007, Li Yao, a girl from Hunan, realized her dream. "Artificial Li Xiang" attracted national attention. In December, the "Beautiful Charity Trip to Zhejiang" 5 million caring medical assistance fund was established (the front stage).
In July 2008, the fourth plastic and aesthetic summit was held in Huashan, and in September, Manto clinical training base was settled in Huashan.
In September 2009, Hangzhou Huashan was awarded the title of "Standardized Medical Practice Unit" by the superior health administrative department, and in November, the hospital was awarded the title of Top Ten Advanced Units in Plastic and Cosmetic Industry.
In January 2010, the "Four Beautiful Women in Jiangnan" was launched by CCTV Fengyun Music and Global Star Factory. In October, the China Japan Friendship Hospital of the Ministry of Health joined hands with Huashan to establish the East China "nose augmentation teaching demonstration base".
In May 2011, the demonstration of "Gao's G · D three-dimensional injection technology", the live broadcast of micro plastic surgery, and in August, the fourth international academic exchange conference on facial plastic surgery and the founding conference of the Pan Asian Society of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery China Branch were held. Gao Junming was elected as the director of the Pan Asian Society of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery China Branch, Leng Kuifeng, Director of the National Association of Rhinoplasty, was elected as a member of the National Association of Rhinoplasty.
In August 2012, Zhejiang Charity Federation and Hangzhou Huashan jointly held the second phase of the large-scale charity and Meilixing Charity Charity Plastic Aid Activity for Meilixing, and in October, Hangzhou Huashan successfully applied for 4 patents for nose augmentation and breast augmentation technology.
In January 2013, Hangzhou Huashan moved to a new building and changed its name to Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei; in March, China Breast Plastic Research Center was established; in May, Jiang Yiyan launched a nude breast augmentation conference for Xuanchen; in August, the launching ceremony of the education base of Dalian Medical University Beauty Hospital; in August, the breast augmentation conference for Huang Ziqi, Deng Jianguo's post-90s ex-wife, and the medical consultation conference for rescuing Mao's ancestors August 2013 South Korea Intercontinental Miss&South Korea Global Travel Miss 30 Huashan Skincare Experience Tour.
In June 2014, East China International Breast Management Center was established, and in November, Zhejiang Charity Federation and China Pink Ribbon Care Public Welfare Network were established. The Pink Ribbon Breast Care Center and Hangzhou Huashan Liantianmei jointly organized the third beautiful charity trip to Zhejiang, which is about caring for women and breasts. The pink ribbon authorization ceremony was held in Hangzhou, and the LUXEME31 birthday celebration ceremony was held in December.
In 2015, President Gao Junming participated in the publishing and distribution of Introduction to Aesthetic Surgery, hosted the 2015 seminar of the Association of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, and created kelly, an international model, to "take off in career".
6. Hangzhou Ruili Medical Beauty Hospital
Hangzhou Ruili Plastic Surgery Outpatient Department (Tiange) is located in Civil Aviation Building, No. 290, Zhongshan North Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City. It is a franchise chain organization of Korea Meijia Plastic Surgery Hospital in China and a plastic surgery clinical teaching hospital of Korea Korean University School of Medicine. At present, it has become one of the influential medical beauty institutions in China. It comes down in one continuous line with Hangzhou Ruili Plastic Surgery and Ruian Ruili Medical Beauty Hospital, and belongs to the Ruili Plastic Brand.
Hangzhou Ruili Plastic Surgery Outpatient Department (Tiange) is a formal medical cosmetic plastic surgery center integrating plastic surgery, cosmetic dentistry, laser therapy and skin beauty. Over the years, we have adhered to the pulse of the world's cutting-edge plastic surgery technology, synchronously used superior technology, equipment and materials, and focused on providing customers with superior, safe, hygienic, beautiful and comfortable medical plastic surgery services, which have been praised and recognized by all sectors of society
Hangzhou Ruili Plastic Surgery Outpatient Department takes technology as the core, safety as the purpose, and customer satisfaction as the standard to achieve international integration in medical resources, equipment, technology, environment, service, and management. Actively introduce the first-class plastic surgery management system of South Korea to realize warm and appropriate diagnosis and treatment services, and pay special attention to the barrier free communication between beauty seekers and doctors to ensure the treatment effect. Adhering to the medical beauty concept of "striving for perfection, harmony and beauty", the hospital integrates superior technology, exquisite art and perfect integration, and integrates quality service and fashion taste into the management of physical and mental beauty. It customizes the physical and mental beauty of women from the physical, psychological and humanistic aspects, so that high-quality women can present the physical and mental beauty from inside to outside, It reshapes the new concept of health of medical beauty, and leads the new trend of medical beauty in China!
7. Riel Dentistry Hangzhou
Riel Dentistry, founded in 1999 by Chinese returned overseas students and famous international pharmaceutical enterprises, has opened 18 Riel Dentistry clinics and specialized hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other places, with nearly 600 employees. Riel Dentistry employs well-known dental experts at home and abroad, and has established a professional medical team. The proportion of masters and doctors is up to more than 60%. Technically, it is supported by American Ivy League School of Stomatology, University of Pennsylvania, and has established a cooperative relationship with Singapore's integrated dental medical center T32.
Beijing Shengbin Science and Trade Co., Ltd., namely Riel Group, was founded in 1999 by overseas returned students and famous entrepreneurs in the international pharmaceutical field. The Group has two brands, Riel Dental and Ruitai Oral, which always adhere to the service concept of "customer is family" and are committed to making every customer smile more confidently.
Riel Group has gathered well-known oral medical experts at home and abroad, mainly from the Royal College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, School of Stomatology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, West China Medical University and other famous schools at home and abroad. Among them, 60% have master's and doctoral degrees, and some doctors are visiting scholars from the School of Stomatology, University of Pennsylvania. Riel Group has close cooperation with the School of Stomatology of the University of Pennsylvania and the School of Stomatology of the University of California, Los Angeles and other internationally renowned institutions.
At present, Riel Plastic has opened more than 70 direct operated clinics and hospitals in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi'an, Ningbo, Qingdao and other places, providing more than 2 million customers with professional, leading and world-class high-quality oral medical services.
8. Hangzhou Yuhang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yuhang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, founded in 1952, is located at No. 100 Zhihetang Street, Tangqi Town, Yuhang District, the northern suburb of Hangzhou, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. It has become a county (district) level comprehensive hospital of traditional Chinese medicine with traditional medical characteristics and modern hospital functions, integrating medical treatment, prevention, teaching, scientific research and rehabilitation. At present, the hospital covers an area of 10942m2, with a building area of 16322m2, fixed assets of 58 million yuan, 450 approved beds, 487 employees on the payroll, including 41 people with senior professional titles and 131 people with intermediate professional titles. It has the first doctoral student trained by the public institutions in the area. It has set up 15 primary clinical departments, 22 secondary specialized departments, 12 medical technology departments, 8 wards, an intensive care center, a rehabilitation pain treatment center, a hemodialysis purification center, a whole body spiral CT scanner, an electronic gastroscope, a laparoscope, the first hyperbaric oxygen chamber and other modern equipment in the area. It is the teaching and practice base of the Medical College of Hangzhou Normal University and Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It has successively won the honorary titles of National Model Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Civilized Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Advanced Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Provincial Advanced Unit of Health, Provincial Security and Safety Unit, Baby Friendly Hospital, Municipal Green Hospital, etc. In 2005, it successfully passed the re evaluation of the second-class A-class TCM hospital, won the title of the first "Famous Hospital of Yuhang District" in 2006, and was listed as the construction unit of the provincial "Famous Hospital" of TCM in 2007. Now it has become a Grade III Grade B hospital.
In recent years, Yuhang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has greatly improved the overall diagnosis and treatment technology and service level of the hospital by increasing the introduction and training of talents, strengthening the investment in equipment, strengthening the construction of specialized departments and diseases, and adhering to the road of integrated development of traditional Chinese and western medicine. For example, the Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department was listed as the provincial key specialty construction unit of TCM in 2003, passed the acceptance of the second level key specialty of the district in 2005, was listed as the national rural medical institution specialty construction unit of TCM in 2006, and was awarded the "Famous Department of Yuhang District" in the same year; Traditional Chinese medicine ophthalmology is a special specialty of the district; At the same time, a number of hospital level key specialties have been established and developed, such as brain surgery, gastroenterology, obstetrics and gynecology, and nephrology. Brain surgery, as a cooperative unit of Zhejiang Second Hospital, has participated in the national "Tenth Five Year" science and technology breakthrough plan project "Research on the promotion and application of standardized surgical treatment technology for stroke"; In May 2006, a famous doctor's hall was opened, inviting famous experts from all over the country and famous doctors from provinces and cities to visit the famous doctor's hall, making contributions to alleviating the "difficulty of seeing famous doctors" of people in Yuhang District.
Yuhang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine will adhere to the direction of "attaching equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, integrating traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine, integrating the characteristics of the motherland, implementing the essence of modern medicine, and building a modern hospital of traditional Chinese medicine", adhere to the purpose of "taking integrity as the cornerstone, quality as the core, and harmonious and sustainable development", and follow the motto of "unity, dedication, innovation, and dedication", As always, with the goal of "improving medical quality, improving service attitude, reducing medical expenses, and beautifying the medical environment", we are constantly looking for new development opportunities in the process of progress, so that the original medical cause can reach a new level and better serve the people's health.
3、 Price List of Plastic Surgery in the Department of Stomatology of Hangzhou Armed Police Hospital
Radiofrequency treatment of acne 1359~3377
Fruit acid skin rejuvenation 1395~3453
All ceramic teeth 1105~4858
Xingyi X-tra Breast Enhancement 1425~3702
Remove scars 1167~3648
Chemical exfoliation for freckles 1283~3632
Deep covering 1107~4608
Korean full cut 1133~3310
Laser treatment of rosacea 1284~4732
French eyebrow 1497~3236
Filling the laughing muscles 1231~3595
Chaotian nose plastic surgery 1293~3637
Fascia suspension 1119~3688
Ultrasonic scalpel beauty 1276~3497
Laser cosmetology 1323~4259
Removable partial dentures 1135~3561
Chin liposuction 1225~4774
Water oxygen skin rejuvenation 1489~3587
E Light dispelling decree lines 1248~4440
Cheek fat pad excision, thin face 1155~3154
4、 Introduction to famous plastic surgeons in Hangzhou
Jian Hong
Specialty items: treatment of rosacea, refinement of facial features, repair of failed incision of double eyelid, expansion and filling of temples, Barbie's double eyelid
Title: Physician
Doctor introduction:
Jian Hong
Technical title: chief physician professor
Current position: Deputy director of plastic surgery department, leader of plastic surgery medical team
Chief physician, professor. Member of the Medical Association with Chinese Characteristics, member of the Asia Pacific Society of Craniofacial Surgery, honorary professor of the JK Hospital in Korea, member of the Korean Association of Aesthetic Surgeons. Graduated from Wuhan University with a master's degree. He has successively studied in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Samsung Group Hospital of South Korea, Yuanchen Hospital of South Korea, Hamburg Hospital of Germany. The invention of nasal septal cartilage cutter won the national patent, and the research of "periorbital minimally invasive wrinkle removal technology" won the third prize of the provincial scientific and technological progress award, and the original safe and simple Jian's minimally invasive face modification technology. She has been engaged in the clinical work of plastic and aesthetic surgery for nearly 20 years, and has completed tens of thousands of plastic and aesthetic surgery, with rich clinical experience. Especially good at minimally invasive face modification, fine rhinoplasty, minimally invasive wrinkle removal, craniofacial deformity correction, etc.
Expertise: minimally invasive face modification, fine rhinoplasty, minimally invasive wrinkle removal, craniofacial deformity correction
Tian Feng
Specializing in: V-shaped face, injection wrinkle removal, microcrystalline removal of Ota nevus, excision of lip frenum, repair of auricle defects
Title: Physician
Doctor introduction:
Tian Feng
Female, deputy chief physician, senior expert in plastic surgery and cosmetology in China. She has been engaged in plastic surgery for more than 20 years and has experience in tens of thousands of safe cases. Skilled and experienced.
He is good at facial plastic surgery, such as double eyelid, nose augmentation, eye pouch reconstruction, dimple formation, jaw augmentation, face thinning and facial rejuvenation. He has conducted academic exchanges and surgery on the same stage with well-known domestic plastic and aesthetic experts for many times
Specializing in: facial plastic surgery, such as double eyelid, nose augmentation, eye pouch reconstruction, dimple formation, jaw augmentation, face thinning and facial rejuvenation
Xu Bin
Specializing in: massage breast augmentation, mama giving birth to nose, figure of eight, T-osteotomy, cleft palate surgery
Title: Physician
Doctor introduction:
Xu Bin, male, attending physician of plastic surgery department. Graduated from Nanjing Railway Medical College in 1998, engaged in surgery for 12 years, and studied for a master's degree in plastic surgery in 2005. Engaged in the clinical work of plastic and aesthetic surgery, and has rich clinical experience in medical aesthetics and aesthetic surgery practice.
He is good at various cosmetic and plastic operations such as eye, nose, facial surface lumps and scars, and is unique in micro plastic surgery (biological wrinkle removal, face reduction, leg reduction, hyaluronic acid wrinkle removal, nose augmentation, jaw augmentation)
Good at: eye, nose, face, body surface lumps, scars
He Baohua
Expertise items: ultra pulse laser eye bag removal, gingival smile removal, catgut embedding to remove puffy eye blisters, black eye ring plastic surgery, decree wrinkles
Title: Physician
Doctor introduction:
He Baohua
Technical title: chief physician, professor
Engaged in plastic surgery, laser cosmetology and micro plastic surgery for more than 30 years.
Specializing in: double eyelid, nose augmentation, pouch removal, wrinkles removal, chin augmentation, temporal augmentation, and treatment of skin benign tumors and pigmentation.
Member of China Plastic and Cosmetic Association, member of Zhejiang Medical Cosmetic Branch, member of Hangzhou Medical Cosmetic Branch, editor in chief of Laser Cosmetic Surgery (online version).
In 2000, he received training in plastic and aesthetic surgery in the United States; In 2003, he was promoted to chief physician of plastic surgery; Presided over or mainly participated in 7 projects and won ministerial, provincial and municipal science and technology progress awards
Specializing in: double eyelid, nose augmentation, pouch removal, wrinkles removal, chin augmentation, temporal augmentation, and treatment of skin benign tumors and spots
Yang Zhenyu
Specializing in: removing breast attachment, massage and firming, laser removing nevus, nevus flammeus, nose augmentation
Title: Physician
Doctor introduction:
Yang Zhenyu, female, deputy chief physician. He graduated from Hangzhou Medical College in 1996 (now Hangzhou Normal University Medical College) and Zhejiang University Medical College in 2001 with a bachelor's degree. Since graduation and working in clinic, he has mastered various operations and operations and completed more than 500 operations annually. On the basis of the original, it has further consolidated the facial features and other cosmetic operations. At the same time, I have a further understanding and mastery of maxillofacial plastic surgery, breast and nose plastic surgery. Sick
Good at: maxillofacial plastic surgery, breast, nose multiple plastic surgery
The above is a list of the 5 reputable hospitals in the ranking list of Hangzhou Laser for Axillary Odor Hospital! I hope you can make a reasonable comparison. If you have any questions, you can consult online customer service.
