IVF technology
In vitro fertilization (IVF), also known as in vitro fertilization, is a medical technology that helps infertile couples achieve fertility by combining sperm and eggs in vitro culture and then transferring embryos to the mother's womb. The following is a detailed description of the technical principles, operating procedures, clinical applications and potential risks.
Technical Principles
The core principle of IVF technology is in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. First, doctors will collect women's eggs by implanting mature follicles into their ovaries. Then, the male sperm is taken out, and after the sperm quality test, the sperm and egg are combined in an in vitro culture dish. After successful combination, a fertilized egg is formed and further cultivated into an embryo. Finally, select the best quality embryos for transplantation to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy and fertility.
The biggest advantage of IVF technology is that it can solve female fallopian tube problems, male sperm quality problems and other infertility factors. At the same time, this technology can help couples with chromosome abnormalities and genetic diseases to screen out normal embryos and reduce the genetic risk of children.
Operation steps
IVF technology is usually divided into the following steps: ovarian stimulation, follicle puncture, sperm extraction, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, embryo transfer and luteal support.
First, the ovarian development is stimulated by injecting ovulation promoting drugs to increase the number of follicles. Then, the follicular fluid is collected by puncturing the ovary to obtain the eggs.
Next, sperm is extracted from men, usually through manual urination or sperm extraction process, and then through sperm quality testing, high-quality sperm is selected for fertilization.
Then, the egg and sperm are combined in an in vitro culture dish to conduct in vitro fertilization and form a fertilized egg. The fertilized eggs are usually cultured for 3-5 days. In the process of culture, doctors will select the best embryo according to the development of the embryo.
Finally, the doctor will transfer the selected embryo into the mother's uterus. After successful transplantation, luteal support treatment can be carried out to increase the probability of pregnancy.
Clinical application and potential risks
IVF technology has been widely used to treat infertility. Many authoritative hospitals, such as Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, have set up professional IVF centers to provide IVF technical services.
Although IVF technology has proved its success rate and safety, there are still some potential risks. First, superovulation may lead to multiple pregnancy, increasing the risk of maternal and fetal. Secondly, ovarian stimulation syndrome and puncture related complications may occur during egg retrieval. In addition, there is subjectivity in quality judgment when cultivating and selecting embryos, which leads to the failure of transplantation.
In conclusion, IVF technology helps infertile couples achieve fertility through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Its technical principle is clear and clear, the operation steps are standardized and the clinical application is extensive. However, we still need to be alert to potential risks. IVF technology has brought hope and happiness to many infertile couples, but when using this technology, it needs to be carefully considered and conducted under the guidance of professional doctors.
