How the second generation of test tube babies were born
IVF technology is an assisted reproductive technology, which aims to help couples who cannot conceive naturally realize their reproductive dreams. The first generation of IVF technology was successfully implemented by the University of Edinburgh in the UK as early as 1978, giving birth to the world's first IVF. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the second generation of IVF technology has gradually developed. This article will elaborate on how the second generation of IVF was born from four aspects: embryo culture, selection technology, transfer technology and success rate.
1. Embryo culture
Embryo culture is a crucial step in IVF technology. After combining the egg and sperm into a fertilized egg through in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg needs to be cultivated to a certain development stage before transplantation. In the second generation of IVF technology, embryo culture technology has been significantly improved. The traditional method of embryo culture is to put the fertilized egg into an in vitro culture dish and transplant it after a period of time. Now many hospitals have adopted continuous culture systems, which can simulate the internal environment, provide more stable culture conditions, and contribute to the healthy development of embryos.
In addition, the second generation of IVF technology also introduced embryonic chromosome screening technology. Through gene detection of fertilized eggs, embryos with abnormal chromosomes can be screened out, and the health rate of transferred embryos can be improved.
2. Select technology
The selection technology of IVF technology has also made a new breakthrough in the second generation. Traditional selection techniques mainly include in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and embryo selection. However, the second generation IVF technology has introduced more advanced gene detection technologies, such as single gene disease detection and polygene disease detection.
Single gene disease detection refers to genetic detection of fertilized eggs to screen embryos carrying specific gene mutations to avoid transmission of genetic diseases. Polygenic disease detection can detect the mutation of multiple genes at the same time, which is more accurate for screening polygenic related diseases. These new selection technologies can help couples choose healthier embryos and improve the success rate of IVF.
3. Transplantation technology
In the second generation of IVF technology, transplantation technology has also made new progress. The traditional method of embryo transfer is to put the fertilized eggs directly back into the uterus, but the success rate of this method is not high. In order to improve the success rate of transplantation, the second generation of IVF technology introduced frozen embryo transfer technology.
Frozen embryo transfer refers to the freezing and preservation of cultured embryos for transfer at an appropriate time. This kind of transplantation can better control the state of endometrium and improve the implantation rate of embryos. At the same time, frozen embryo transfer also has time flexibility, and the best transfer time can be selected according to the situation of the couple.
4. Success rate
The development of the second generation of IVF technology has significantly improved the success rate of IVF. Through the above improvements in embryo culture, selection and transfer technology, the success rate has gradually increased. For example, a hospital has made continuous research and improvement on IVF technology in recent years, and the success rate has reached more than 70%.
While the success rate has improved, the second-generation IVF technology also pays more attention to the health of infants. Embryonic chromosome screening and gene testing can reduce the occurrence of genetic diseases and make IVF more healthy.
summary
Through the improvement of embryo culture, selection technology, transfer technology and success rate, the second-generation IVF technology provides better reproductive options for couples who cannot conceive naturally. These technological advances not only improve the success rate of IVF, but also ensure the health of infants. With the continuous development of science and technology, the application prospect of the second generation IVF technology in the medical field will be more broad.
