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What are the methods and steps of IVF?

What are the methods and steps of IVF?



Methods and steps of IVF

IVF is a kind of assisted reproductive technology, which aims to help couples who are unable to conceive naturally due to physiological or other reasons to realize their reproductive dreams. The methods and steps of IVF will be introduced in detail from four aspects.

1. In vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization is one of the core technologies of IVF. First of all, women receive ovulation induction treatment, through drugs to stimulate the ovary to produce multiple follicles. Then, the development of follicles was monitored by ultrasound technology, and the appropriate time for oocyte retrieval was determined. During the egg retrieval operation, the doctor, after proper anesthesia, punctures the ovary with a fine needle guided by ultrasound to remove the mature eggs. At the same time, men provide semen, and select the best quality sperm for gamete after sperm processing and screening. Before in vitro fertilization, the doctor will take out the eggs and semen in a culture dish, allowing the sperm to naturally combine with the egg. Observe the fertilization under the microscope, and check whether the fertilization is successful 24 to 48 hours later.

2. Embryo culture and selection

After the fertilized egg is successful, the doctor places it in a specific culture medium for culture. Embryo culture is usually divided into two stages: the first stage is to culture to the 8-cell stage, about 48 to 72 hours; The second stage is from culture to blastocyst stage, which takes about 5 to 6 days. In the process of embryo culture, doctors will monitor the development of different embryos, and evaluate and select them according to their appearance, cell number, quality and other factors. Through evaluation, the embryos with the most development potential will be selected for implantation into the uterus.

3. Embryo implantation

Embryo implantation is a key step in the process of IVF. The doctor will select the embryo with the most development potential and place it in a thin and soft catheter, and then implant it into the uterine cavity through the vagina and cervix. This process usually requires no anesthesia, and there is no or only slight discomfort. After implantation, women need a period of rest to ensure that the embryo can firmly attach to the endometrium. Doctors usually advise women to avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor during this period, and to keep a happy mood, relax and have a proper rest.

4. Pregnancy tracking and pregnancy detection

After successful implantation, women enter the pregnancy period and need to be followed up and tested regularly. This includes monitoring pregnancy hormone levels, fetal development, and endometrial changes. Doctors will formulate corresponding drug treatment plans according to the monitoring results to ensure the smooth progress of pregnancy. Generally speaking, the success rate of IVF is not very high. The success rate of each cycle is about 30% to 50%, depending on the age of the patient, physical condition and the professional level of the medical team. Therefore, if the in vitro fertilization is still unsuccessful after many attempts, the couple can discuss with the doctor and consider other assisted reproductive technology or counseling professional psychological guidance to help them cope with the unsuccessful results. Through in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and selection, embryo implantation and pregnancy tracking, IVF technology can help couples who cannot conceive naturally realize their dreams. Each step is very delicate, complex and critical, which requires close cooperation and patient waiting between doctors and patients. For those couples who want to have their own baby, IVF technology provides a promising solution.
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