Development and changes of the first generation of IVF
The first generation of IVF refers to the babies that are bred through in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology. In the 1970s, Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, biologists at the University of Edinburgh, UK, successfully created the first generation of test tube babies. This technology has brought good news to couples who cannot conceive naturally. The following will introduce the development and changes of the first generation of IVF from three aspects: fertilization process, success rate and infant health.
First of all, the fertilization process of the first generation of IVF has undergone many improvements. In the early IVF process, eggs and sperm are placed in a culture dish through a test tube for fertilization, and then the fertilized eggs are implanted into the mother again. There are many technical difficulties in this process, such as oocyte activation, sperm vitality maintenance and quality assessment of fertilized eggs. With the continuous development of technology, the fertilization process of IVF has gradually improved, including the in vitro maturation of oocytes, the introduction of sperm injection technology and the application of embryo selection technology.
Secondly, the success rate of the first generation of IVF is also increasing. The success rate of early IVF is low. Due to technical limitations and lack of experience, many IVF suffer from genetic problems such as chromosome abnormalities. With the scientists' in-depth research on IVF technology and the accumulation of clinical experience, the success rate has gradually increased. Some relatively mature IVF diagnostic and therapeutic centers, such as the Reproductive Medicine Research Center in Chicago, the United States, and the Lauribert University Hospital in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom, have achieved success rates of more than 50%.
Third, the health of the first generation of IVF babies is also under effective control. The initial IVF babies are prone to problems such as low birth weight, premature delivery and congenital abnormalities, which are related to technical limitations and patient base. However, with the improvement of technology and medical conditions, the health status of the first generation IVF infants has been effectively improved. The hospital strengthened the comprehensive examination and professional guidance for IVF patients, as well as the introduction of advanced equipment, which helped to reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications and low birth weight.
Development and changes of the second generation of IVF
The second generation of IVF refers to the IVF obtained by further improving the technology and process on the basis of the first generation of IVF. The following will introduce the development and changes of the second generation of IVF from three aspects: implantation technology, improvement of success rate and genetic screening.
First of all, the second generation of IVF has more choices in implantation technology. The traditional IVF implantation is to implant multiple fertilized eggs into the mother at one time, but it is easy to lead to the risk of multiple pregnancy and complications. In order to reduce these problems, we can now improve the success rate through embryo quality screening and single embryo implantation technology. Single embryo implantation technology reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies and improves the success rate of implantation of each fertilized egg.
Secondly, the success rate of the second generation of IVF has been further improved. With the development of medical science and technology and the in-depth study of IVF technology, the success rate is constantly improving. Through the evaluation and optimization of the quality of fertilized eggs and the precise control of female hormone levels, the success rate has reached more than 70%, and some top hospitals can even reach more than 80%.
Third, the second generation of IVF babies underwent more comprehensive genetic screening. Genetic screening can help detect the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic diseases, thus improving the health quality of infants. The second generation of IVF genetic screening technology is more accurate and comprehensive, which can detect more genetic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. The hospital will comprehensively screen the fertilized eggs by means of high-throughput sequencing technology and embryo biology technology to ensure that the healthiest fertilized eggs are selected for implantation.
Development and changes of the third generation of IVF
The third generation of IVF refers to the IVF whose experience and technology are further developed from the first and second generation of IVF. The following will introduce the development and changes of the third generation of IVF from three aspects: gene editing, non-invasive detection and precision medicine.
First, the third generation of IVF introduced gene editing technology into clinical practice. Gene editing is a method to adjust genetic characteristics by changing gene sequence. It can help couples screen out embryos carrying certain genetic diseases, thus reducing the risk of disease. Several hospitals, such as Berlin's Charimont Medical Research Center, have begun to use gene editing technology to screen and edit IVF, providing couples with healthier reproductive choices.
Secondly, the non-invasive detection technology of the third generation of IVF has been further improved. Noninvasive detection technology plays an important role in IVF. It can obtain fetal genetic information by detecting fetal DNA in maternal blood. At present, non-invasive detection technology has been able to detect most common chromosome abnormalities, including Down syndrome, and the accuracy and reliability of the technology have been further improved.
Third, the third generation of IVF will pay more attention to the practice of precision medicine. Precision medicine is a medical concept that develops personalized treatment plans according to individual genetic characteristics and environmental factors. For IVF, precision medicine can help to customize suitable pre pregnancy and pregnancy management programs according to individual genome information and lifestyle, reduce pregnancy complications and improve maternal and infant safety.
Summary
With the passage of time and the progress of science and technology, IVF technology has been developing continuously, and has experienced changes in the first generation, the second generation and the third generation. From the perspective of fertilization process, success rate, infant health, implantation technology, genetic screening, gene editing, non-invasive testing and precision medicine, the development of IVF has undergone continuous improvement and innovation, providing more choices and hope for couples who cannot conceive naturally.
