Medical Principles of IVF
IVF is an assisted reproductive technology, which helps couples who cannot conceive naturally to achieve their reproductive aspirations through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. This article will elaborate on the medical principles of IVF from the following four aspects.
1. In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization is one of the core steps of IVF technology. First, women receive ovarian stimulation drugs to promote ovarian development and produce multiple follicles; Then, under the guidance of ultrasound technology, the follicles in the ovary are extracted through puncture; Next, sperm and eggs are placed in a culture dish for in vitro fertilization; After fertilization, the embryo continues to develop for several days in the culture dish until the embryo reaches its optimal state.
The principle of this technology is to imitate the natural pregnancy process of the human body, complete the fertilization of eggs and sperm in vitro, cultivate them into embryos, and then implant the embryos into the mother's uterus to achieve pregnancy.
2. Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer is one of the key steps in IVF technology. After in vitro fertilization, the doctor will select one or several embryos with the best quality, and transfer them to the patient's uterus with thin tubes or catheters after specific cultural treatment. The success of artificial insemination largely depends on the quality of embryos and the choice of transfer time.
The success of embryo transfer is related to many factors, including embryo quality, endometrial status, and transfer timing. Embryos need to be embedded at the right time and in the right intrauterine environment, and form effective nutrition and gas exchange with the mother, so as to develop into a healthy fetus.
3. Monitoring and assistance of IVF
In IVF technology, doctors will use various monitoring means to closely monitor and assist the whole process. For example, ultrasound technology can be used to observe the development of the ovary, the size and number of follicles, and the maturity of eggs; The Petri dishes in the laboratory can provide the best environmental conditions for the smooth combination and development of sperm and eggs; After embryo transfer, doctors will also monitor progesterone and other hormones to ensure normal luteal function.
The application of monitoring and auxiliary technology can greatly improve the success rate of IVF technology, and help doctors find and solve possible problems in the process in time.
4. Success rate and risk of IVF
IVF technology can help couples who are unable to conceive naturally achieve their fertility aspirations, but not every attempt will succeed. According to statistics, the success rate of IVF technology is usually 30% - 40%, which is related to the patient's age, infertility causes, hospital's technical level, doctor's experience and other factors.
At the same time, IVF technology also has certain risks. Among them, multiple pregnancy is one of the more common risks. Because multiple embryos are often transferred during embryo transfer, the probability of twins, triplets or more is increased. In addition, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, embryo implantation failure, early pregnancy abortion and other complications may also occur.
Summary
To sum up, the medical principles of IVF include in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, monitoring and assistance, success rate and risk. By simulating the natural pregnancy process of the human body, IVF technology helps couples who cannot conceive naturally achieve their fertility aspirations. However, although this technology is very effective in many cases, it also faces certain success rates and risks. For patients, it is very important to choose formal hospitals and professional doctors to improve the success rate of IVF technology and reduce the related risks.
