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How does IVF operate?

How does IVF operate?



How to operate IVF

IVF is a kind of assisted reproductive technology, which enables couples who cannot conceive naturally to realize their dreams of fertility through in vitro culture. The specific operation process of IVF will be described in detail from four aspects.

1. Select suitable candidates

First, the doctor will assess the couple's reproductive system and health status, and understand their reproductive history and medical history. If there are obvious infertility factors, such as female ovarian insufficiency or obliterative salpingitis, and male sperm quality is low, they are eligible for IVF. Next, the doctor will determine the appropriate time to collect eggs through ultrasound and blood tests according to the women's menstrual cycle. At the same time, men need to provide semen samples for sperm quality assessment. At this stage, doctors will also evaluate the fertility technology required by the IVF, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and develop personalized treatment plans according to the specific situation.

2. Collect eggs and sperm

Once the appropriate candidate and treatment plan are determined, the next step is to collect eggs and sperm. For women, doctors will conduct ovarian stimulation treatment, and use ovulation promoting drugs to promote ovarian ovulation. This can increase the chance of successful pregnancy. Then, under the guidance of ultrasound, doctors will collect eggs. This is a minimally invasive surgery, which uses a fine needle to puncture the ovarian follicle and extract eggs. The eggs collected will be immediately transferred to the laboratory for subsequent operations. For men, they need to provide semen samples on the day of collection. The doctor will process the sample to select the best sperm.

3. In vitro fertilization and embryo culture

In the laboratory, doctors fertilize eggs and sperm in vitro. This can be accomplished by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). IVF is to put eggs and sperm in a culture dish and let them fertilize themselves. In ICSI, doctors select a sperm to inject into the egg. After successful fertilization, the formed embryos will be cultured in a petri dish. The doctor will control the composition and environmental conditions of the culture medium, and strive to provide the most suitable environment for embryonic development. The culture time is generally 3-5 days, during which the doctor will regularly observe the development of the embryo.

4. Embryo transfer and pregnancy testing

At the end of the embryo culture period, the doctor will select one or more embryos with the most development potential for transplantation. The implantation of an embryo into a woman's uterus through a catheter is usually a non-invasive process. After transplantation, couples need to wait for a period of time for pregnancy testing. This is usually a blood test to detect the presence of pregnancy hormone hCG. If the test is positive, the IVF operation is successful, and the couple will begin the journey of pregnancy. The specific operation process of IVF includes screening suitable candidates, collecting eggs and sperm, in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, as well as embryo transfer and pregnancy testing. This technology has been successfully applied to medical institutions around the world, and has helped many couples realize their reproductive dreams.
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